Phylogenetic relationships among the Chromatiaceae , their taxonomic reclassification and description of the new genera

lnstitut fur Meereskunde an der Universitat Kiel, Abteilung Marine Mikrobiologie, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany Sequences of the 16s rDNA from all available type strains of Chromatium species have been determined and were compared to those of other Chromatiaceae, a few selected Ectothiorhodospiraceae and Escherichia coli. The clear separation of Ectothiorhodospiraceae and Chromatiaceae is confirmed. Most significantly the sequence comparison revealed a genetic divergence between Chromatium species originated from freshwater sources and those of truly marine and halophilic nature. Major phylogenetic branches of the Chromatiaceae contain (i) marine and halophilic species, (ii) freshwater Chromatium species together with Thiocystis species and (iii) species of the genera Thiocapsa and Amoebobacter as recently reclassified [Guyoneaud, R. & 6 other authors (1998). lnt J Syst Bacteriol48, 957-9641, namely Thiocapsa roseopersicina, Thiocapsa pendens (formerly Amoebobacter pendens), Thiocapsa rosea (formerly Amoebobacter roseus), Amoebobacter purpureus and Thiolamprovum pedioforme (formerly Amoebobacter pedioformis). The genetic relationships between the species and groups are not in congruence with the current classification of the Chromatiaceae and a reclassification is proposed on the basis of 16s rDNA sequence similarity supported by selected phenotypic properties. The proposed changes include the transfers of Chromatium minus and Chromatium violascens to Thiocystis minor comb. nov. and Thiocystis violascens com b. nov., of Chromatium vinosum, Chromatium minutissimum and Chromatium warmingii t o the new genus Allochromatium as Allochromatium vinosum comb. nov., Allochromatium minutissimum comb. nov., and Allochromatium warmingii comb. nov., of Chromatium tepidum t o the new genus Thermochromatium as Thermochromatium tepidum comb. nov., of Chromatium salexigens and Chromatium glycolicum to the new genus Halochromatium as Halochromatium salexigens comb. nov. and Halochromatium glycolicum com b. nov., o f Chromatium gracile and Chromatium purpuratum to the new genus as Marichromatium gracile comb. nov. and Marichromatium purpuratum comb. nov., of Thiocapsa pfennigii t o Thiococcus pfennigii gen. nom. rev., of Thiocapsa halophila t o the new genus Thiohalocapsa as Thiohalocapsa halophila comb. nov., and of Chromatium buderi t o the new genus lsochromatium as lsochromatium buderi comb. nov.